Dabarun Disinfection na Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa

Dabarun Disinfection na Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa

Dabarun kashe-kashe na ruwa na kifaye yawanci sun haɗa da hanyoyi da yawa kamar haifuwar ultraviolet (UV), lalatawar ozone, da lalata sinadarai. A yau, za mu gabatar da UV da ozone a matsayin hanyoyi guda biyu don haifuwa da disinfection. Wannan labarin da farko yana nazarin waɗannan hanyoyin ne daga mahangar hanyoyin haifuwa da halaye.

Haifuwar UV

Ka'idar haifuwar UV ta ƙunshi ɗaukar makamashin hasken UV ta ƙwayoyin nucleic acid, gami da ribonucleic acid (RNA) da deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Wannan sha yana canza aikin ilimin halittar su, yana haifar da karyewar haɗin gwiwar acid nucleic da sarƙoƙi, haɗin kai a cikin ƙwayoyin nucleic acid, da samuwar samfuran photoproducts, ta haka yana hana ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma haifar da lalacewa mai ƙima. An rarraba hasken UV zuwa UVA (315 ~ 400nm), UVB (280 ~ 315nm), UVC (200 ~ 280nm), da kuma UV (100 ~ 200nm). Daga cikin waɗannan, UVA da UVB suna da ikon isa ga sararin duniya ta sararin samaniya da murfin girgije. UVC, wanda aka sani da fasaha na lalata UV-C, yana nuna tasirin haifuwa mafi ƙarfi.

Amfanin haifuwar UV ya dogara da adadin hasken UV da ƙwayoyin cuta suka karɓa, da kuma abubuwa kamar makamashin fitarwa na UV, nau'in fitila, ƙarfin haske, da tsawon lokacin amfani. Kashi na hasarar UV yana nufin adadin takamaiman tsayin igiyoyin UV da ake buƙata don cimma wani ƙimar rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta. Maɗaukakin allurai yana haifar da haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Haifuwar UV yana da fa'ida saboda ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi na ƙwayoyin cuta, saurin aiki, rashin abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarai, rashin samfuran abubuwa masu guba, da sauƙin aiki. UV sterilizers yawanci amfani da bakin karfe a matsayin babban abu, tare da high-tsarki ma'adini tubes da high-performance quartz UV fitilu, tabbatar da tsawon rai da kuma abin dogara aiki. Fitillun da aka shigo da su na iya samun tsawon rayuwar har zuwa sa'o'i 9000.

Ozone Disinfection

Ozone ne mai ƙarfi oxidant, kuma tsarin sa haifuwa ya ƙunshi halayen iskar oxygenation na biochemical. Haifuwar Ozone yana aiki ta nau'i uku: (1) oxidizing da lalata enzymes a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke amfani da glucose, don haka kashe ƙwayoyin cuta; (2) yin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, rushe ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da haifar da mutuwa; da (3) shigar da sel ta hanyar ƙwayoyin sel, yin aiki akan lipoproteins na membrane na waje da lipopolysaccharides na ciki, wanda ke haifar da rushewar kwayan cuta da mutuwa. Haifuwar Ozone yana da faɗin bakan da lytic, yadda ya kamata yana kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta, spores, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, kuma yana iya lalata gubar botulinum. Bugu da ƙari, ozone da sauri yana raguwa zuwa oxygen ko kwayoyin oxygen guda ɗaya saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali. Atom ɗin oxygen guda ɗaya na iya sake haɗuwa don samar da kwayoyin oxygen, suna haɓaka iskar oxygenation na ruwa ba tare da barin wani abu mai guba ba. Don haka, ana ɗaukar ozone a matsayin madaidaicin ƙazanta, mara gurɓatacce.

Yayin da ozone yana da ingantaccen iyawar haifuwa, yawan amfani da shi na iya cutar da dabbobin kiwo. Nazarin Schroeder et al. nuna cewa ozone, idan aka yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, zai iya kawar da datti na nitrate da rawaya yadda ya kamata, kuma idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da rabuwar kumfa, zai iya rage yaduwar kwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, yin amfani da yawa na iya haifar da oxidants mai guba sosai. Silva et al. Har ila yau, yana nuna cewa, yayin da ozone ke inganta zaman lafiyar ruwa da kuma kawar da cututtuka a cikin kifaye, tasirinsa na genotoxic zai iya lalata amincin kwayar halitta a cikin kwayoyin ruwa, yana haifar da matsalolin lafiya da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a cikin kiwo don amfani da ozone a kan lokaci, aunawa, aminci, da tsari, aiwatar da tsauraran matakai don hana amfani da wuce gona da iri da rage zubar da ruwa don guje wa gurɓataccen iska.