Manyan gurbacewar Ruwa a cikin Ruwan Ruwa da Tasirinsu akan Dabbobin Ruwa

Ga kifayen kiwo, sarrafa gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin tafkunan kiwo abu ne mai matuƙar damuwa. Abubuwan gurɓataccen ruwa na yau da kullun a cikin ruwan kifaye sun haɗa da abubuwan nitrogenous da mahadi na phosphorus. Abubuwan Nitrogen sun haɗa da nitrogen ammonia, nitrogen nitrite, nitrogen nitrate, narkar da nitrogen Organic, da sauransu. Abubuwan da ke tattare da phosphorus sun haɗa da phosphates mai amsawa da kuma phosphorus Organic. Wannan labarin yana bincika abubuwan gurɓata na farko a cikin ruwa na kifaye da tasirinsu akan dabbobin ruwa. Bari mu fara duba siffa mai sauƙi don sauƙin haddacewa da fahimta.

A ƙasa za mu bayar da takamaiman bayani.

Ammoniya nitrogen yana daya daga cikin manyan gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa na kifaye, galibi ana samarwa ne daga bazuwar abinci da saura da samfuran rayuwa na dabbobin kiwo a cikin ruwa. Tarin nitrogen ammonia a cikin tsarin zai iya lalata kyallen fata da gills na kifi, yana rushe tsarin ayyukan enzyme na halitta. Ko da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ammonia nitrogen (> 1 mg / L) na iya yin tasiri mai guba akan dabbobin kiwo, musamman ammonia mai guba mai guba wanda ba shi da ionized, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa a ƙananan ƙididdiga. Ƙara yawan adadin nitrogen ammonia a cikin mahalli kuma yana haifar da raguwar fitar da sinadarin nitrogen ta hanyar halittu masu ruwa, yana rage cin su na abubuwan da ke ɗauke da ammonia, a ƙarshe yana shafar ci gaban al'ada da ci gaban dabbobin ruwa. Yawan adadin nitrogen ammonia a cikin mahalli kuma na iya shafar ma'aunin osmotic na dabbobin ruwa, wanda ke haifar da rage karfin isar da iskar oxygen da rashin iya fitar da abubuwa masu guba daga jikinsu. Yawancin bincike na cikin gida da na duniya kan kula da ruwa na kifaye yana mai da hankali kan kula da nitrogen ammonia.

Nitrite a cikin kifayen kifaye galibi wani matsakaicin samfur ne da aka samar yayin aiwatar da nitrification ko hana hana ruwa gudu. Yana iya shiga jiki ta gills na dabbobin kiwo kuma ya rage iskar oxygen-dauke da haemoglobin a cikin jininsu, yana haifar da hypoxia da mutuwa a cikin dabbobin ruwa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da tarin nitrite a cikin ruwa, musamman ma a cikin sababbin tsarin aiki, wanda zai iya yin tasiri mai guba a kan kwayoyin dabbobi.

Nitrate yana da ƙarancin guba ga kifin, don haka babu takamaiman ƙayyadaddun hankali, amma babban taro na iya shafar ɗanɗanon samfuran kifaye. Nitrate nitrogen a lokacin tafiyar matakai na iya haifar da nitrous nitrogen, wanda zai iya zama mai guba ga kwayoyin kiwo. Rahotannin wallafe-wallafe sun nuna cewa tara nitrogen na nitrate na iya haifar da raguwar girma da cututtuka a cikin halittun kiwo. An yi imani da cewa a lokacin kifayen kifi na salmon, matakan nitrate a cikin ruwa ya kamata a kiyaye su ƙasa da 7.9 mg / L. Don haka, a yayin da ake yin maganin ruwa na kiwo, bai kamata sauye-sauyen nitrogen daban-daban su koma a makance ba zuwa nitrate nitrate kadai, sannan kuma a yi la’akari da kawar da sinadarin nitrate.

Narkar da sinadarin nitrogen a cikin ruwan kifaye ya samo asali ne daga ragowar abinci, excreta, da samfuran rayuwa na kwayoyin kiwo. Narkar da sinadarin nitrogen a cikin ruwa na kifaye yana da tsari mai sauƙi, mai kyau biodegradability, kuma ana iya amfani dashi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, samun nasarar kawar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin kulawa na al'ada. Lokacin da maida hankali na nitrogen a cikin ruwa bai yi yawa ba, yana da ɗan tasiri akan halittun ruwa. Duk da haka, lokacin da kwayoyin nitrogen suka taru zuwa wani matsayi, yana iya inganta yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka masu cutarwa, tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa da haifar da cututtuka da mutuwa a cikin kwayoyin dabbobi.

Active phosphates a cikin ruwa mafita iya zama a cikin nau'i kamar PO3-4, HPO2-4, H₂PO-4 da H₃PO₄, tare da ma'auni na dangi (ƙididdigar rarraba) daban-daban tare da pH. Ana iya amfani da su kai tsaye ta hanyar algae, ƙwayoyin cuta, da tsire-tsire. Abubuwan phosphates masu aiki suna da ƙarancin cutarwa kai tsaye ga kifi amma suna iya haɓaka haɓakar algae da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwa, suna cinye iskar oxygen kuma suna lalata ci gaban kifin. Cire phosphates daga ruwan kiwo ya dogara ne akan hazo da sinadarai. Hazo na sinadarai ya haɗa da ƙara abubuwan sinadarai a cikin ruwa don samar da hazo na phosphate ta hanyoyin hazo na sinadarai, sannan kuma flocculation da rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi don cire phosphates daga cikin ruwa. Adsorption yana amfani da adsorbents tare da manyan wurare masu yawa da kuma pores masu yawa don ba da damar phosphorus a cikin ruwa mai tsabta don yin musayar ion, haɗin haɗin kai, adsorption na electrostatic, da halayen hazo, don haka cire phosphorus daga ruwa.

Jimlar phosphorus yana nufin jimlar phosphorus mai narkewa da phosphorus particulate. Phosphorus mai narkewa a cikin ruwa za a iya ƙara kasu kashi-kashi zuwa nau'in phosphorus mai narkewa da phosphorus na inorganic mai narkewa, tare da phosphorus mai narkewa galibi yana kasancewa cikin nau'in phosphates mai aiki. Particulate phosphorus yana nufin nau'ikan phosphorus da ke sama ko a cikin ɓangarorin da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa, waɗanda galibi ke da wahala ga dabbobin ruwa su yi amfani da su kai tsaye. Particulate Organic phosphorus galibi yana wanzuwa a cikin kyallen hannu da tarkace na kyallen dabbobin ruwa, yayin da ɓangarorin phosphorus na inorganic galibi suna shiga cikin ma'adinan yumbu da aka dakatar.

A taƙaice dai, babban aiki mai mahimmanci a harkar kiwo shi ne daidaita yanayin ruwa na kifaye, la'akari da dalilai daban-daban don samar da daidaiton yanayin ruwa, ta yadda za a rage asara da kuma samun fa'idar tattalin arziki. Za a yi nazarin yadda za a daidaita yanayin ruwa a talifofi na gaba.