ʻO nā maʻi iʻa maʻamau i loko o nā loko iʻa a me ko lākou pale ʻana: nā maʻi maʻi viral a me ko lākou pale ʻana

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maʻi iʻa maʻamau i nā maʻi viral, nā maʻi bacteria, nā maʻi fungal, a me nā maʻi parasitic. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi iʻa e pono e hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo aʻo olakino, e pili pono ana i nā ʻano lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻole ʻana a i ʻole ka emi ʻana.

ʻO nā maʻi viral maʻamau ka maʻi hemorrhagic o ka mauʻu carp, hematopoietic organ necrosis maʻi o crucian carp, herpesviral dermatitis o ka carp, puna viremia o ka carp, infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious hematopoietic tissue necrosis, a viral hemorrhagic septicemia.

ʻO ka maʻi Hemorrhagic o Grass Carp ke kumu nui ʻia e ka mauʻu carp reovirus. Piʻi ka maʻi me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa oxygen lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻano no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka loko iʻa, ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka pale ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka wai disinfection, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pathogens viral i loko o ka wai.

ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i lalo o ka loko iʻa e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i ka sediment nui, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaiapuni iʻa iʻa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lime a me ka bleach no ka disinfection.

Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka ʻauʻau lapaʻau mua i ka 2% ~ 3% paʻakai no 5 ~ 10 mau minuke a i ʻole he 10 ppm polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution no 6 ~ 8 mau minuke, a i ʻole he 60 mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) ʻauʻau no kahi 25. minuke.

Hoʻopili ka lāʻau lapaʻau artificial i ka quarantine paʻa o nā mea kanu e pale ai i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka maʻi viral.

Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke komo i ka copper sulfate. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka keleawe sulfate ma kahi ʻano o 0.7 mg/L ma luna o ka loko iʻa holoʻokoʻa, e hana hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā no ʻelua noi.

ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loko iʻa piha o ka quicklime no ka disinfection a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, a i ʻole ka potassium hydrogen sulfate complex i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a noi ʻia no ka disinfection wai.

No ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pathogens viral i loko o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā iodine. No nā loko iʻa me ka maʻi hemorrhagic i ka mauʻu carp, polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine a i ʻole quaternary ammonium iodine complexes (0.3-0.5 ml no ka wai cubic) hiki ke pīpī ʻia i 2-3 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hematopoietic Organ Necrosis maʻi o Crucian Carp ma muli o koi herpesvirus II. ʻO ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana he:

(1). Hoʻokuʻu mau ʻia nā iʻa makua ma nā māla iʻa i mea e pale ai i ka hānau ʻana o nā iʻa makua i maʻi ʻia. I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu crucian carp, e hōʻoia i ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole e nīnau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala maʻi o ke kumu kanu e pale aku ai i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu i loaʻa i ka maʻi virus.

(2). Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka bacteria photosynthetic, Bacillus spp., a me ka denitrifying bacteria ma ke ʻano he microbial agents, me nā hoʻololi substrate, no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka wai iʻa iʻa paʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka hohonu o ka wai kūpono, ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana o ka wai kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka holo ʻana o ka wai a me ka neʻe ʻana o waho e pono no ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻa o ka wai.

ʻO ka Herpesviral Dermatitis o Carp kekahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka herpesvirus. ʻO nā hana pale a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana he:

(1) Hoʻonui i nā hana pale ākea a me nā ʻōnaehana quarantine koʻikoʻi. E hoʻokaʻawale i nā iʻa maʻi a pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou i iʻa makua.

(2) Pono e mālama pono ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka loko iʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lime wikiwiki i loko o nā loko iʻa, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wahi wai me nā iʻa maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea pathogens pono e mālama pono ʻia, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kumu wai.

(3) Hiki i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ke komo i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pH wai loko iʻa me ka quicklime e mālama ai ma luna o 8. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana piha ʻana o ka dibromide a i ʻole bromide no ka disinfection wai. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loko iʻa piha o ka povidone-iodine, ka solution iodine compound, 10% solution povidone-iodine, a i ʻole 10% povidone-iodine pauka hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena disinfection wai.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Spring Viremia of Carp e ka puna viremia virus (SVCV), no laila ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono i kēia manawa. ʻO nā ʻano hana e pale ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lime wikiwiki a i ʻole ka bleach no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loko iʻa piha, nā disinfectants chlorinated, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea disinfectants maikaʻi e like me ka povidone-iodine a me nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e pale ai i nā maʻi ʻino.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis e ka maʻi maʻi pancreatic necrosis maʻi, e pili ana i ka iʻa wai anuanu. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana e pili ana i ka hānai ʻana me ka solution povidone-iodine (helu ʻia ʻo 10% iodine pono) ma 1.64-1.91 g o ka paona kino iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā no 10-15 mau lā.

ʻO ka maʻi necrosis hematopoietic kino ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi necrosis tissue hematopoietic, e pili ana hoʻi i ka iʻa wai anuanu. ʻO ka pale ʻana e pili ana i ka disinfection koʻikoʻi o nā keʻena kai a me nā mea hana. Pono e paʻi ʻia nā hua iʻa ma 17-20°C a holoi ʻia me 50 mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I, loaʻa iā 1% iodine pono) no 15 mau minuke. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka 60 mg/L i ka wā alkaline ka pH, ʻoiai ke emi nei ka maikaʻi o ka PVP-I ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia e Novirhabdovirus i loko o ka ʻohana Rhabdoviridae, kahi maʻi maʻi RNA kaula hoʻokahi. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono, no laila he mea nui ka pale ʻana. I loko o ka manawa hua maka, e hoʻoinu i nā hua i loko o ka iodine no 15 mau minuke. I ka wā mua o ka maʻi, hiki i ka hānai ʻana me ka iodine ke hōʻemi i ka make.