Isi ihe na-emetọ mmiri na mmiri Aquaculture na mmetụta ha na anụmanụ mmiri

Maka aquaculture aquaculture, ijikwa mmetọ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ịzụ ahịa bụ ihe dị oke mkpa. Ihe mmetọ a na-emekarị na mmiri aquaculture gụnyere ihe nitrogen na ogige phosphorus. Ihe ndị dị na Nitrogen gụnyere amonia nitrogen, nitrogen nitrite, nitrogen nitrate, nitrogen organic gbazere, na ndị ọzọ. Ngwakọta phosphorus gụnyere phosphates reactive na phosphorus organic. Edemede a na-enyocha ihe ndị bụ́ isi na-emetọ mmiri dị na mmiri aquaculture na mmetụta ha na-enwe n'ahụ anụmanụ ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Ka anyị buru ụzọ leba anya na eserese dị mfe maka iburu n'isi na nghọta dị mfe.

N'okpuru ebe a, anyị ga-enye nkọwa kpọmkwem.

Amonia nitrogen bụ otu n'ime isi mmetọ na aquaculture mmiri, tumadi na-emepụta site decomposition nke mpụta ndepụta ndepụta na metabolic ngwaahịa nke aquaculture anụmanụ na mmiri. Ịchịkọta nitrogen amonia n'ime usoro ahụ nwere ike imebi anụ ahụ epidermal na azụ azụ, na-akpaghasị usoro ọrụ enzyme nke ndu. Ọbụna obere mkpokọta amonia nitrogen (> 1 mg / L) nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-egbu egbu na anụmanụ aquaculture, karịsịa amonia na-abụghị ionized nke na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, nke nwere ike ime ka mmebi na oke dị ala. Mmụba nke nitrogen amonia na gburugburu ebe obibi na-edugakwa mbelata nsị nitrogen site na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri, na-ebelata ntinye ha nke ihe nwere amonia, n'ikpeazụ na-emetụta uto nkịtị na mmepe nke anụmanụ mmiri. Ọnụnọ dị elu nke nitrogen amonia na gburugburu ebe obibi nwekwara ike imetụta nguzozi osmotic nke anụmanụ ndị dị n'ime mmiri, na-eduga n'ibelata ikike nnyefe oxygen na enweghị ike ịpụpụ ihe ndị na-egbu egbu n'ahụ ha. Ọtụtụ nchọpụta ụlọ na mba ụwa gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri aquaculture na-elekwasị anya na ọgwụgwọ amonia nitrogen.

Nitrite na aquaculture bụ tumadi ngwaahịa etiti emepụtara n'oge nitrification ma ọ bụ usoro denitrification. Ọ nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ahụ site na anụ mmiri nke anụ ọhịa ma belata ikike ibu oxygen nke hemoglobin n'ọbara ha, na-akpata hypoxia na ọnwụ n'ime anụmanụ ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche nchịkọta nitrite n'ime mmiri, karịsịa na sistemụ arụ ọrụ ọhụrụ, nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na-egbu egbu na ihe ndị dị ndụ aquaculture.

Nitrate nwere obere nsị na azụ, yabụ enweghị oke ịta ahụhụ, mana ọnya dị elu nwere ike imetụta uto nke ngwaahịa aquaculture. Nitrate nitrogen n'oge denitrification usoro nwekwara ike imepụta nitrous nitrogen, nke nwere ike na-egbu egbu na aquaculture ntule. Akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ egosila na nchịkọta nitrate nitrate nwere ike bute ngwa ngwa na ọrịa na-arịa aquaculture. A na-ekwenyekarị na n'oge aquaculture salmon, ọkwa nitrate dị na mmiri kwesịrị idobe n'okpuru 7.9 mg / L. Ya mere, n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri aquaculture, mgbanwe nitrogen dị iche iche ekwesịghị igbanwe na nitrate naanị na nitrate naanị, ma ekwesịrị ileba anya na mwepụ nke nitrate nitrate.

Nitrogen nke gbazere n'ime mmiri aquaculture na-esite na nri fọdụrụnụ, excreta, na ngwaahịa metabolic nke ihe ndị dị ndụ aquaculture. Nitrogen gbazere agbaze na mmiri aquaculture nwere usoro dị mfe, ezigbo biodegradability, yana microorganisms nwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ dị mfe, na-enweta ezigbo mwepụ nke ọma site na usoro ọgwụgwọ usoro ndu. Mgbe ntinye nke nitrogen organic na mmiri adịghị elu, ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nitrogen organic na-akwakọba ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite mmụba nke microorganisms pathogenic na ndị na-emerụ ahụ, na-emebi àgwà mmiri ma na-ebute ọrịa na ọnwụ n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ aquaculture.

phosphates na-arụ ọrụ na ngwọta mmiri nwere ike ịdị n'ụdị dị ka PO3-4, HPO2-4, H.₂PO-4 na H₃PO₄, na nha nha ha (ọnụọgụ nkesa) dị iche na pH. Enwere ike iji ha mee ihe ozugbo site na algae, nje bacteria na osisi. phosphates na-arụ ọrụ nwere obere mmerụ ahụ na azụ mana ọ nwere ike ịkwalite uto algae na nje bacteria na mmiri, na-eri oxygen na imebi uto azụ. Mwepụ nke phosphates na mmiri aquaculture na-adabere na mmiri ozuzo na mgbasa ozi. Mmiri mmiri ozuzo na-agụnye ịgbakwụnye ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ na mmiri iji mepụta phosphates site na usoro mmiri ozuzo nke mmiri ozuzo, na-esote flocculation na nkewa mmiri siri ike iji wepụ phosphates na mmiri. Adsorption na-eji adsorbents nwere nnukwu ebe dị elu na ọtụtụ pores iji mee ka phosphorus dị na mmiri na-ekpofu mee mgbanwe ion, nhazi nhazi, mgbasa ozi electrostatic, na mmeghachi omume mmiri ozuzo, si otú ahụ wepụ phosphorus na mmiri.

Mkpokọta phosphorus na-ezo aka nchikota phosphorus soluble na phosphorus particulate. Soluble phosphorus na mmiri nwere ike kewaa ọzọ ka soluble organic phosphorus na soluble inorganic phosphorus, na soluble inorganic phosphorus tumadi ẹdude n'ụdị phosphates nọ n'ọrụ. Particulate phosphorus na-ezo aka n'ụdị phosphorus dị n'elu ma ọ bụ n'ime ihe ndị kwụsịrị na mmiri, nke na-esiri ụmụ anụmanụ mmiri ike iji ya eme ihe ozugbo. Particulate organic phosphorus na-adịkarị na anụ ahụ cellular na irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime anụ ahụ mmiri, ebe phosphorus inorganic na-etinyekarị na mineral ụrọ kwụsịtụrụ.

Na nchịkọta, ọrụ kachasị mkpa na aquaculture bụ ịhazi gburugburu ebe mmiri aquaculture, na-atụle ihe dị iche iche iji mepụta ebe mmiri na-edozi ahụ, si otú ahụ na-ebelata mfu na ịba ụba uru akụ na ụba. A ga-enyocha otú e si ahazi gburugburu mmiri n'isiokwu ndị dị n'ihu.