Matenda a Nsomba Wamba M'mayiwe ndi Kapewedwe Kawo: Matenda a Viral ndi Kapewedwe Kawo

Matenda a nsomba wamba amatha kukhala m'magulu a ma virus, matenda a bakiteriya, matenda oyamba ndi fungus, komanso matenda a parasitic. Matenda ndi mankhwala a nsomba matenda ayenera mosamalitsa kutsatira malangizo achipatala, kutsatira kwambiri zotchulidwa mankhwala Mlingo popanda umasinthasintha kumawonjezera kapena amachepetsa.

Matenda odziwika bwino a virus amaphatikizapo matenda a hemorrhagic of grass carp, hematopoietic organ necrosis disease of crucian carp, herpesviral dermatitis of carp, spring viremia of carp, infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious hematopoietic tissue necrosis, ndi viral hemorrhagic septicemia.

Hemorrhagic Matenda a Grass Carp makamaka amayamba ndi udzu carp reovirus. Matendawa amafika poipa kwambiri chifukwa madzi alibe madzi abwino ndipo amakhala ovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa okosijeni kwa nthawi yaitali. Njira zopewera ndi kuchiza zikuphatikizapo kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m’dziwe, malo osambira osungiramo mankhwala asanasungidwe, katemera wochita kupanga, chithandizo chamankhwala, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m’madzi, ndi kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m’madzi.

Kuwongolera m'munsi mwa dziwe la m'madzi ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda makamaka kumakhudza kuchotsa zinyalala zochulukirapo, kukonza malo okhala m'madziwe am'madzi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bulime ndi bulichi popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Masamba osamba osamba atha kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wa 2% ~ 3% kwa mphindi 5 ~ 10 kapena 10 ppm polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine yankho kwa mphindi 6-8, kapena 60 mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) osamba pafupifupi 25. mphindi.

Katemera wochita kupanga amayang'ana kwambiri kuyika mbande kukhala kwaokha pofuna kupewa kufala kwa ma virus.

Thandizo lamankhwala lingaphatikizepo mkuwa wa sulfate. Copper sulphate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo wa 0.7 mg/L padziwe lonse, mobwerezabwereza tsiku lililonse kwa ntchito ziwiri.

Njira zophera tizilombo m'madzi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito dziwe lonse la quicklime kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kukonza bwino madzi, kapena potassium hydrogen sulfate complex osungunulidwa ndi kuthiramo madzi.

Kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi, kukonzekera kwa ayodini kumatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kwa maiwe omwe ali ndi matenda a hemorrhagic mu carp udzu, polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine kapena quaternary ammonium ayodini (0.3-0.5 ml pa madzi kiyubiki) akhoza kupopera 2-3 tsiku lililonse.

Hematopoietic Organ Necrosis Matenda a Crucian Carp amayamba ndi koi herpesvirus II. Kupewa ndi kuchiza kumaphatikizapo:

(1). Kukhala kwaokha nthawi zonse kwa makolo a nsomba m'mafamu a nsomba pofuna kupewa kuswana kwa nsomba zomwe zili ndi kachilombo. Mukamagula mbande za crucian carp, onetsetsani kuti zawunikidwa kapena kufunsa za mbiri ya matenda a gwero la mbande kuti musagule mbande zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka.

(2). Kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya a photosynthetic, Bacillus spp., ndi denitrifying mabakiteriya ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa gawo lapansi, kuti asunge bwino malo amadzi am'madzi. Kuonjezera apo, kusunga kuya kwa madzi okwanira, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akuwoneka bwino, komanso kuonjezera madzi oyenda okha komanso kuyenda kwa kunja ndizopindulitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale chokhazikika.

Herpesviral Dermatitis ya Carp ndi matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha herpesvirus. Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera zikuphatikizapo:

(1) Kupititsa patsogolo njira zopewera komanso njira zokhazikika zotsekera. Patulani nsomba zomwe zili ndi matenda ndipo pewani kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati kholo.

(2) Kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'dziwe pogwiritsira ntchito quicklime m'mayiwe a nsomba, ndi kuthiramo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi ndi nsomba zodwala kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuyeneranso kuchiritsidwa bwino, makamaka kupewa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la madzi.

(3) Kuwongolera kwamadzi kungaphatikizepo kusintha pH ya madzi a dziwe ndi quicklime kuti ikhale pamwamba pa 8. Kugwiritsa ntchito dziwe la dibromide kapena bromide kungagwiritsidwe ntchito popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kapenanso, kugwiritsa ntchito dziwe lonse la povidone-iodine, yankho la ayodini wapawiri, 10% povidone-iodine solution, kapena 10% povidone-iodini ufa amatha kukwaniritsa zowononga madzi.

Spring Viremia ya Carp imayamba ndi kachirombo ka viremia virus (SVCV), komwe kulibe chithandizo chothandiza. Njira zopewera matendawa ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe a quicklime kapena bulichi pothira dziwe lonse, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chlorinated, kapena mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga povidone-iodine ndi mchere wa quaternary ammonium pothira tizilombo m'madzi pofuna kupewa kubuka.

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis imayamba ndi matenda opatsirana a pancreatic necrosis, makamaka omwe amakhudza nsomba zam'madzi ozizira. Kuchiza koyambirira kumaphatikizapo kudyetsa ndi njira ya povidone-iodine (yomwe imawerengedwa ngati 10% ya ayodini) pa 1.64-1.91 g pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa nsomba tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 10-15.

Infectious Hematopoietic Tissue Necrosis imayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a hematopoietic necrosis, komwe kumakhudzanso nsomba zam'madzi ozizira. Kupewa kumaphatikizapo kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'malo olima m'madzi ndi zida. Mazira a nsomba ayenera kuswa pa 17-20 ° C ndikutsukidwa ndi 50 mg / L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I, yomwe ili ndi 1% ya ayodini ogwira ntchito) kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Kuyikirako kungawonjezeke mpaka 60 mg / L pamene pH ili yamchere, monga momwe mphamvu ya PVP-I imachepa pansi pazikhalidwe zamchere.

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia imayambitsidwa ndi Novirhabdovirus m'banja la Rhabdoviridae, kachilombo ka RNA kamene kamakhala ndi chingwe chimodzi. Panopa palibe mankhwala othandiza, choncho kupewa n’kofunika kwambiri. Pa nthawi ya dzira la maso, zilowerereni mazira mu ayodini kwa mphindi 15. Kumayambiriro kwa matenda, kudya ndi ayodini kungachepetse imfa.