Inzitizi zo kugera ku isuku nziza mugihe cyo gutwara abantu

Ni ukubera iki kugera ku mutekano mwiza wo gutwara abantu bigoye? Muri iki kiganiro, tuzagaragaza ibibazo bitandukanye bigomba kuneshwa kugirango tugere ku mutekano muke w’ibinyabiziga bitwara ingurube.

Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima cyangwa kwigunga ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga umutekano. Intego y'izi ngamba ni ukurinda inkomoko ishobora kwandura no kugenzura ibyihuse byihuse, byegereye urwego rwerekana ibimenyetso. Muri sisitemu yo kubyara ingurube, imwe mu ngingo zandura ni ubwikorezi. Ubwikorezi mu bworozi bw'ingurube burimo kugenda kw'abakozi, gutwara ibiryo, no gutwara amatungo. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzagaragaza imbogamizi zitandukanye zigomba kuneshwa kugirango tugere ku mutekano muke w’ibinyabiziga bitwara ingurube.

Ikibazo cya mbere mugushikira ubuso bwuzuye ni ukubaho biofilm. Biofilm ikorwa na polymers idasanzwe hamwe na mikorobe isohoka, ikusanyiriza hejuru ya inert. Ibi bikunze kugaragara mubidukikije bikomoka ku nyamaswa aho ururenda rwirundanya mugihe kandi rushobora gukomera bitewe nubwoko bwibinyabuzima n’amabuye y'agaciro mu mazi. Biofilm ikora nkinzitizi zumukanishi, igabanya imikorere yica udukoko. Imiti ya acide irashobora kwinjira muri biofilm, ikongerera imbaraga imiti yica udukoko, kandi ni ngombwa kuvana umunzani na biofilm hejuru yimbere mbere yo kuyanduza.

Ikibazo cya kabiri ni ibintu kama, hamwe na biofilm bishobora kuba insimburangingo yo gukura kwa bagiteri na mikorobe. Ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima bishobora kwegeranya ku mpande n’ibikoresho n’ibinyabiziga, bikarushaho kwiyongera mu gihe cyitumba hamwe n’ibisigara ku rubura, bishobora gutwara virusi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi nka virusi y’imyororokere y’imyororokere y’ubuhumekero, virusi y’impiswi y’icyorezo, na virusi y’ingurube zo muri Afurika, bikaba birwanya cyane ubushyuhe buke. Kwiyongera kwa biofilm ni ikintu gikomeye kigabanya imikorere yica udukoko. Microbes ikoresha biofilm nkingabo ikingira, ikomeza gutura hejuru kandi ikagira ingaruka ku bworozi bwingurube.

Ikibazo cya gatatu kijyanye no kwifata hejuru yisuku. Byiza, gutwara ibinyabiziga bigomba kuba ibyuma bitagira umwanda; aluminiyumu nayo yorohereza isuku. Ibiti cyangwa ibikoresho bisa nibitera ibibazo byo gukuraho ibintu kama na biofilm. Ubuso butari bubi bworoshye kubwoza. Iyo usukuye hejuru hamwe na pore nyinshi, ibikorwa bya mehaniki na / cyangwa igitutu birasabwa kugirango ibikoresho byinjira byinjira hejuru.

Ikibazo cya kane ni ubwiza bwamazi nibiyigize imiti na mikorobe. Imyunyu ngugu nyinshi nka manganese, fer, calcium, na pH, hamwe n’umunyu w’umunyu, birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku byangiza kandi bigakora nka substrate ya bagiteri. Amazi akomeye ateza imbere ibipimo, bigenda bigaragara cyane hamwe nimpinduka yibara rya aluminiyumu. Mu bidukikije bifite fer nyinshi, manganese, hamwe nubunyu ngugu, bagiteri zimwe na zimwe ziratera imbere, zifasha gutsimbarara ku buso, cyane cyane mubidukikije bifite imiterere myiza.

Ikibazo cya gatanu kirimo gahunda no gutwara muri sisitemu yo kubyaza umusaruro. Ibi bitera ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusukura amakamyo. Ibikorwa bidakwiye birashobora guhuza isuku yumye (intambwe yambere yo gukuraho ibintu kama) hamwe nigihe cyo gusukura amazi yumuvuduko ukabije, birashobora kwanduza utundi turere bitewe no kubyara aerosole kama. Ubuso bugomba gukama mbere yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, ishobora kuba igihe cyateganijwe. Hanyuma, nyuma yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, amakamyo arashobora kuva mu bworozi bw'ingurube atumye rwose, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imvura aho imvura nyinshi ishobora kugabanuka cyane cyangwa koza imiti yangiza.

Ikibazo cya gatandatu ni uguhuzagurika; ubuziranenge no gufata neza ibikoresho byogusukura: umuvuduko wamazi nubushyuhe. Ibikoresho nibikoresho byiza birakoreshwa? Umuvuduko w'amazi urahagije? Ubushuhe burakwiriye? Ubwiza bw'ifuro burimo kugerwaho? Isuzuma no guhindura ubwishingizi no kuyungurura birakenewe mugihe bikenewe. Usibye gukoresha ibicuruzwa byiza, ibikoresho bikwiye kandi byiza byogusukura ni ngombwa.