Litšilafatso Tse ka Sehloohong Metsing a Tlhaho ea Metsing le Liphello Tsa Tsona ho Liphoofolo Tsa Metsing

Bakeng sa temo ea metsing, ho laola lintho tse silafatsang matangoaneng a ho hōlisa ke taba ea bohlokoa haholo. Lintho tse silafatsang tse tloaelehileng metsing a aquaculture li kenyelletsa lintho tse nang le naetrojene le metsoako ea phosphorus. Lintho tse nang le naetrojene li kenyelletsa ammonia nitrogen, naetrojene ea nitrite, naetrojene ea nitrate, naetrojene e qhibilihisitsoeng, har'a tse ling. Metsoako ea phosphorus e kenyelletsa phosphates e sebetsang le phosphorus ea manyolo. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba litšilafalo tse ka sehloohong metsing a aquaculture le litlamorao tsa tsona ho liphoofolo tsa metsing. A re qaleng ka ho sheba setšoantšo se nolofalitsoeng bakeng sa ho tšoara ka hlooho le ho utloisisa habonolo.

Ka tlase re tla fana ka litlhaloso tse tobileng.

Ammonia nitrogen ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse silafatsang tse ka sehloohong metsing a aquaculture, haholo-holo a hlahisoang ke ho bola ha lijo tse setseng le lihlahisoa tsa metabolism ea liphoofolo tse phelang metsing. Ho bokellana ha ammonia nitrogen tsamaisong ho ka senya lisele tsa epidermal le gill ea litlhapi, ho sitisa mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea enzyme ea likokoana-hloko. Le maemo a tlase a ammonia nitrogen (> 1 mg/L) a ka ba le litlamorao tse chefo ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang ka metsing, haholo-holo chefo e matla ea ammonia e seng ionized, e ka bakang tšenyo maemong a tlase haholo. Keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea ammonia nitrogen tikolohong e boetse e lebisa ho fokotseng ho ntšoa ha naetrojene ke lintho tse phelang metsing, ho fokotsa ho noa ha tsona lintho tse nang le ammonia, e leng ho amang kholo e tloaelehileng le nts'etsopele ea liphoofolo tsa metsing. Maemo a phahameng a ammonia nitrogen tikolohong a ka boela a ama tekano ea osmotic ea liphoofolo tse phelang metsing, e leng se lebisang ho fokotseng matla a ho fetisa oksijene le ho sitoa ho ntša lintho tse chefo 'meleng ea tsona. Liphuputso tse ngata tsa malapeng le tsa machaba mabapi le phekolo ea metsi a aquaculture li shebane le phekolo ea ammonia nitrogen.

Nitrite in aquaculture haholo-holo sehlahisoa sa mahareng se hlahisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea nitrification kapa denitrification. E ka kena 'meleng ka li-gill tsa liphoofolo tse phelang metsing le ho fokotsa matla a ho tsamaisa oksijene ea hemoglobin maling a tsona, ho baka hypoxia le lefu liphoofolong tsa metsing. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela ho bokellana ha nitrite metsing, haholo-holo litsamaisong tse ncha tse sebetsang, tse ka bang le litlamorao tse chefo tse kholo ho lintho tse phelang metsing.

Nitrate e na le chefo e batlang e le tlase ho litlhapi, ka hona ha ho na moeli o itseng oa mahloriso, empa likhahla tse phahameng li ka ama tatso ea lihlahisoa tsa metsing. Naetrojene ea nitrate nakong ea ts'ebetso ea denitrification e ka boela ea hlahisa naetrojene e nang le naetrojene, e ka bang chefo ho lintho tse phelang metsing. Litlaleho tsa lingoliloeng li bontšitse hore ho bokellana ha naetrojene ea nitrate ho ka lebisa khōlong e liehang le mafu a lintho tse phelang metsing. Ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore nakong ea temo ea litlhapi tsa salmon, maemo a nitrate metsing a lokela ho bolokoa ka tlase ho 7.9 mg/L. Ka hona, ts'ebetsong ea ho phekola metsi a aquaculture, liphetoho tse fapa-fapaneng tsa naetrojene ha lia lokela ho fetoloa ka bofofu ho naetrojene ea nitrate feela, 'me ho lokela ho nahanoa ka ho tlosoa ha naetrojene ea nitrate.

Naetrojene ea manyolo e qhibilihisitsoeng metsing a aquaculture haholo-holo e tsoa ho lijo tse setseng, mantle le lihlahisoa tsa metabolism ea lintho tse phelang metsing. Naetrojene e qhibilihisitsoeng metsing a aquaculture e na le sebopeho se batlang se le bonolo, se ka senyeha habonolo, 'me se ka sebelisoa habonolo ke likokoana-hloko, ho finyella katleho e ntle ea ho tlosa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko. Ha bongata ba naetrojene e phelang metsing e se holimo, e na le tšusumetso e fokolang ho lintho tse phelang metsing. Leha ho le joalo, ha naetrojene ea manyolo e bokellana ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, e ka khothalletsa ho ata ha likokoana-hloko le likokoana-hloko tse kotsi, ho senya boleng ba metsi le ho baka mafu le lefu ho tse phelang metsing.

Li-phosphates tse sebetsang litharollong tsa metsi li ka ba teng ka mefuta e kang PO3-4, HPO2-4,H₂PO- 4 le H₃PO₄, ka likarolo tsa tsona tse lekanyelitsoeng (kabo ea li-coefficients) tse fapaneng le pH. Li ka sebelisoa ka kotloloho ke algae, libaktheria le limela. Li-phosphates tse sebetsang li na le kotsi e fokolang e tobileng litlhaping empa li ka khothalletsa kholo e pharaletseng ea algae le libaktheria metsing, li ja oksijene le ho sitisa kholo ea litlhapi. Ho tlosoa ha phosphates metsing a aquaculture haholo-holo ho itšetlehile ka ho na ha lik'hemik'hale le ho ata. Pula ea lik'hemik'hale e kenyelletsa ho eketsa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale metsing ho etsa phosphate precipitates ka mekhoa ea ho na ka lik'hemik'hale, e lateloa ke ho phalla le ho arohana ha metsi a tiileng ho tlosa phosphates metsing. Adsorption e sebelisa li-adsorbents tse nang le libaka tse kholo tse holim'a metsi le li-pores tse ngata ho lumella phosphorus ka metsing a litšila hore e kenelle phapanyetsano ea ion, coordination complexation, electrostatic adsorption le karabelo ea holim'a metsi, kahoo e tlosa phosphorus metsing.

Kakaretso ea phosphorus e bolela kakaretso ea phosphorus e qhibilihang le phosphorus. Phosphorus e qhibilihang ka metsing e ka aroloa hape ka phosphorus ea manyolo le phosphorus e qhibilihang ka har'a phosphorus, e nang le phosphorus e qhibilihang haholo e fumanehang ka mokhoa oa phosphates e sebetsang. Particulate phosphorus e bolela mefuta ea phosphorus e teng ka holim'a metsi kapa ka har'a likaroloana tse emisitsoeng ka metsing, tseo hangata ho leng thata hore liphoofolo tsa metsing li li sebelise ka kotloloho. Karolo ea phosphorus ea tlhaho e fumaneha haholo ka har'a lisele le maloanlahla a liphoofolo tse phelang metsing, athe karoloana ea phosphorus haholo-holo e hohela liminerale tsa letsopa tse emisitsoeng.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, mosebetsi oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa temo ea metsing ke ho laola tikoloho ea metsi a aquaculture, ho nahanela lintlha tse fapa-fapaneng ho theha tikoloho ea metsi e leka-lekaneng, ka hona ho fokotsa tahlehelo le ho eketsa melemo ea moruo. Mokhoa oa ho laola tikoloho ea metsi o tla hlahlojoa lihloohong tse tlang.