Izifo zeNtlanzi eziqhelekileyo kumachibi kunye noThintelo lwazo: Izifo zeNtsholongwane kunye noKhuselo lwazo

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zeentlanzi zinokuthi zihlulwe ngokubanzi kwizifo zentsholongwane, izifo zebhaktheriya, izifo zefungal, kunye nezifo ze-parasitic. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo zeentlanzi kufuneka kulandele ngokungqongqo iingcebiso zonyango, ukubambelela ngokusondeleyo kwiidosi ezimiselweyo zamayeza ngaphandle kokunyuka okungaqhelekanga okanye ukunciphisa.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane zibandakanya isifo se-hemorrhagic of grass carp, isifo se-hematopoietic organ necrosis ye-crucian carp, i-herpesviral dermatitis ye-carp, i-spring viremia ye-carp, i-pancreatic necrosis eyosulelayo, i-necrosis ye-hematopoietic tissue necrosis, kunye ne-viral hemorrhagic septicemia.

I-Hemorrhagic Disease ye-Grass Carp ibangelwa ikakhulu yi-grass carp reovirus. Esi sifo siba mandundu ngomgangatho ophantsi wamanzi kwaye sibi kakhulu phantsi kweemeko zeoksijini ephantsi ixesha elide. Iindlela zothintelo kunye nonyango ziquka ukubulala iintsholongwane echibini, iibhafu zamayeza angaphambi kokugcinwa, ugonyo olwenziweyo, unyango ngamayeza, ukubulala iintsholongwane emanzini, kunye nokuphelisa iintsholongwane ezibangela iintsholongwane emanzini.

Ukuphuculwa komzantsi wedama lasemanzini kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ikakhulu kubandakanya ukususa intlenga egqithisileyo, ukuphuculwa kokusingqongileyo kwedama lasemanzini, kunye nokusebenzisa i-quicklime kunye nebleach yokubulala iintsholongwane.

Iibhafu zamayeza zangaphambi kokugcinwa zingasebenzisa i-2% ~ 3% yetyuwa kwi-5 ~ 10 imizuzu okanye i-10 ppm isisombululo se-polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine kwi-6 ~ 8 imizuzu, okanye i-60 mg / L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) malunga ne-25 imizuzu.

Ugonyo olungelulo olungelulo lujolise ekubekweni yedwa kwezithole ukuthintela usulelo lwentsholongwane.

Ukunyanga amayeza kunokubandakanya i-sulfate yobhedu. I-sulfate ye-Copper ingasetyenziselwa kwi-concentration ye-0.7 mg / L phezu kwechibi lonke, iphinda iphindwe yonke imihla kwizicelo ezimbini.

Iindlela zokubulala iintsholongwane emanzini ziquka ukufakwa kwedama elipheleleyo le-quicklime yokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wamanzi, okanye i-potassium hydrogen sulfate complex inyibilikiswe kwaye ifakwe kwi-disinfection emanzini.

Ukuphelisa iintsholongwane zentsholongwane emanzini, amalungiselelo e-iodine anokutshizwa. Ngamachibi anesifo se-hemorrhagic kwi-carp yengca, i-polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine okanye i-quaternary ammonium iodine complexes (0.3-0.5 ml nge-cubic yamanzi) inokutshizwa ngamaxesha angama-2-3 yonke imihla.

I-Hematopoietic Organ Necrosis Isifo seCrucian Carp sibangelwa yi-koi herpesvirus II. Uthintelo kunye nonyango lubandakanya:

(1). Ukuvalelwa rhoqo kwabazali beentlanzi kwiifama zeentlanzi ukuthintela ukuzala kweentlanzi ezingabazali abasulelekileyo. Xa uthenga izithole zecrucian carp, qinisekisa ukuba ziyahlolwa okanye ubuze ngembali yesifo somthombo wezithole ukuphepha ukuthenga izithole ezosulelwe yintsholongwane.

(2). Ukusetyenziswa kweebhaktheriya ze-photosynthetic, i-Bacillus spp., kunye neebhaktheriya ezichazayo njengee-microbial agents, kunye nezilungiso ze-substrate, ukugcina ngokufanelekileyo indawo yasemanzini ezinzileyo. Ukongezelela, ukugcina ubunzulu bamanzi obaneleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukucaca okuphezulu kwamanzi, kunye nokunyusa ukujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nokujikeleza kwangaphandle kunenzuzo yokugcina ukuzinza kwamanzi.

I-Herpesviral Dermatitis yeCarp sesinye isifo esibangelwa yi-herpesvirus. Amanyathelo othintelo nawolawulo aquka:

(1) Ukwandiswa kwamanyathelo othintelo abanzi kunye neenkqubo ezingqongqo zokuvalelwa. Zibeke zodwa iintlanzi ezinesifo kwaye uphephe ukuzisebenzisa njengeentlanzi zabazali.

(2) Ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokucokisekileyo echibini kusetyenziswa i-quicklime kumachibi eentlanzi, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo ezihlala emanzini ngeentlanzi ezigulayo okanye iintsholongwane kufuneka zinyangwe ngocoselelo, kukhethwa ukuba kungasetyenziswa njengomthombo wamanzi.

(3) Ukuphuculwa komgangatho wamanzi kunokubandakanya ukulungisa i-pH yamanzi echibi kunye ne-quicklime ukuyigcina ngaphezu kwe-8. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-pool epheleleyo ye-dibromide okanye i-bromide ingasetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi. Ngaphandle koko, ukusetyenziswa kwechibi elipheleleyo le-povidone-iodine, isisombululo se-iodine edibeneyo, isisombululo se-10% se-povidone-iodine, okanye i-10% ye-povidone-iodine powder inokufikelela kwimiphumo yokuchithwa kwamanzi.

I-Spring Viremia yeCarp ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-spring viremia (SVCV), ekungekho unyango olusebenzayo okwangoku. Iindlela zothintelo ziquka ukutshintshana kokusetyenziswa kwe-quicklime okanye iblitshi ekufakweni ngokupheleleyo kwedama, izibulali-ntsholongwane ezineklorin, okanye izibulali-ntsholongwane ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-povidone-iodine kunye neetyuwa ze-quaternary ammonium zokubulala iintsholongwane emanzini ukuthintela ukuqhambuka.

I-Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-pancreatic necrosis, eyona nto ichaphazela iintlanzi zamanzi abandayo. Unyango lwakwangoko lubandakanya ukondla ngesisombululo se-povidone-iodine (esibalwe njenge-10% ye-iodine esebenzayo) kwi-1.64-1.91 g ngekhilogram ubunzima bomzimba wentlanzi imihla ngemihla ngeentsuku eziyi-10-15.

I-Infectious Hematopoietic Tissue Necrosis ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hematopoietic tissue necrosis virus, echaphazela kakhulu iintlanzi zamanzi abandayo. Uthintelo lubandakanya ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokungqongqo kwizibonelelo zeaquaculture kunye nezixhobo. Amaqanda eentlanzi kufuneka aqanduselwe kwi-17-20 ° C kwaye ahlambe nge-50 mg / L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I, equkethe i-1% ye-iodine esebenzayo) imizuzu eyi-15. Ukugxininiswa kunokunyuswa ukuya kwi-60 mg / L xa i-pH i-alkaline, njengoko ukusebenza kwe-PVP-I kuncipha phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline.

I-Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ibangelwa yi-Novirhabdovirus kusapho lwe-Rhabdoviridae, intsholongwane ye-RNA enemisonto enye. Okwangoku, alukho unyango olusebenzayo, ngoko ke uthintelo lubalulekile. Ngexesha leqanda lamehlo, gcoba amaqanda kwi-iodine imizuzu eyi-15. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo, ukondla nge-iodine kunokunciphisa ukusweleka.