Imveliso yokubulala iintsholongwane
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Iinkukhu ezikhuselekileyo zokubulala iintsholongwane
Isicelo seMveliso
1. Imekobume kunye nokubulawa kweentsholongwane kumphezulu: ukucocwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo yokuqandusela kunye nomphezulu woncedo: kubandakanywa ifama yenkukhu, ifama yamadada, izithuthi zothutho, indawo epholileyo, inkqubo yokufumisa, ifeni yesilingi, itreyi, itreyi yamantshontsho, njl.
2. Ukubulala iintsholongwane emoyeni kwifama yeenkukhu.
3. Ukubulala iintsholongwane emanzini okusela iinkukhu.
Umsebenzi weMveliso
1. Ulawulo lobushushu:Isitshizi sokubulala iintsholongwane sisetyenziswa ngamaxesha obuntununtunu bobushushu, sinika isiphumo sokupholisa. Ngexesha lemozulu eshushu yasehlotyeni, isebenza njengomlinganiselo wothintelo ngokuchasene nobushushu.
2. Ukupheliswa kwePathogen:Isebenza ngokuchasene neentlobo zezifo zeentaka, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwi-African Swine Fever, i-Avian Influenza, kunye neSifo saseNewcastle.
3. Ukucoca rhoqo kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane.
| I-Roycide iyasebenza ngokuchasene nezi zifo zilandelayo zenkukhu (Qaphela: Le theyibhile idwelisa kuphela izifo ezixhaphakileyo, aziphelelanga) | ||
| Pathogen | Isifo esibangelwayo | Iimpawu |
| Intsholongwane yoMkhuhlane weeNtaka | Umkhuhlane weentaka | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukuncipha kwemveliso yeqanda, umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukuphuma kweempumlo, ukudumba kwentloko, icyanosis (imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) yekama kunye ne-wattles, urhudo, ukufa ngequbuliso. |
| Intsholongwane yeAvian Laryngotracheitis (ILTV) | I-Avian laryngotracheitis | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, i-conjunctivitis, ukuphuma kweempumlo, ukudumba kwezono, umfinya onegazi kuqhoqhoqho, ukuncipha kwemveliso yeqanda. |
| I-Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) | I-anemia yenkukhu | I-anemia, ii-combs eziphaphathekileyo kunye ne-wattles, ukuphelelwa amandla, ubuthathaka, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukunyuka kokufa kwamantshontsho amancinci, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-immunosuppression. |
| Idada Adenovirus | I-hepatitis yentsholongwane yedada | Ukufa ngokukhawuleza, ukopha esibindini, isibindi esiluthuthu kwaye sandisiwe, iintsiba ezixubileyo, ukugoba, ubuthathaka, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweqanda. |
| Intsholongwane yeDada Enteritis (DEV) | I-enteritis yentsholongwane yedada (Isibetho sedada) | Urhudo olunombala oluhlaza, ukudumba kwentloko, intamo, neenkophe, igazi kwilindle, ukuncipha kwemveliso yeqanda, ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ukuphefumla nzima, iimpawu zemithambo-luvo. |
| Egg Drop Syndrome Adenovirus (EDS) | I-Egg drop syndrome | Ukuncipha kwemveliso yeqanda, amaqanda athambileyo okanye angenamaqokobhe, imithubi ephaphathekileyo, ukudumba kunye ne-oviducts enemibala, uxinzelelo lokuphefumula. |
| I-Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) | I-bronchitis eyosulelayo | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukuphuma kweempumlo, amehlo anamanzi, ukwehla kwemveliso yeqanda, umgangatho weqanda ongekho mgangathweni, ukonakala kwezintso, amaqanda angabumbi kakuhle. |
| I-Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) | Isifo se-bursal esosulelayo (isifo seGumboro) | I-Immunosuppression, i-bursa edumbileyo kunye neyophayo ye-Fabricius, iintsiba eziqhekekileyo, ukutyhafa, isifo sohudo, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, ukwanda kokuchaphazeleka kwezinye izifo. |
| Intsholongwane kaMarek's Disease (MDV) | Isifo sikaMarek | Ukukhubazeka, amathumba (i-lymphomas) kwimithambo-luvo, ulusu, kunye namalungu angaphakathi, ukuncipha komzimba, ukuxinezeleka, ubungakanani bomfundi ongalinganiyo, ukwehla kwamaphiko, ukunciphisa imveliso yeqanda. |
| Intsholongwane yeSifo saseNewcastle (NDV) | Isifo saseNewcastle | Ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla, iimpawu ze-nervous (ukungcangcazela, ukukhubazeka, ukujija intloko nentamo), urhudo, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweqanda, ukufa ngokukhawuleza. |
| Intsholongwane ye-Rotaviral Diarrhea | Urhudo olujikelezayo | Urhudo olunamanzi, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukomelela, ukuhla kobunzima bomzimba, ukukhula okudodobalayo, ukuguquguquka kokutya okulambathayo. |
| I-Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) | I-stomatitis ye-vesicular | Amadyungudyungu kunye nezilonda emlonyeni, ulwimi, iintsini, imibele, kunye ne-coronary band, ukuqhiphuka kwamathe, ukuqhwalela, ukuncipha kokutya, ukungafuni ukuhamba. |
| Bordetella avium | I-Bordetellisis | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukukhutshwa kweempumlo, i-conjunctivitis, ukunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba. |
| Campylobacter pyloridis | Campylobacteriosis | Uhudo, ukutyhafa, ukunciphisa ubunzima, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweqanda, ukuphazamiseka kokuzala. |
| I-Clostridium perfringens | I-necrotic enteritis | Urhudo olunzima, ukudakumba, ukunciphisa ukutya, ukungqunga, ukufa ngequbuliso, izilonda emathunjini. |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Usulelo lweKlebsiella | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukukhupha iimpumlo, ukomelela, ukunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba. |
| Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphefumla (CRD) | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukukhutshwa kweempumlo, ukudumba kwesono, ukuncipha kwemveliso yeqanda, izinga elibi leqanda, ukutyeba okuhlayo. |
| I-Pasteurella multocida | Ikholera yeentaka | Ukufa ngequbuliso, iiwattles ezidumbileyo kunye nezono, uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, umkhuhlane, urhudo, ukuncipha kwemveliso yeqanda, i-cyanosis (i-blue discoloration) yekama kunye ne-wattles. |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Usulelo lwePseudomonas | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukuphuma kweempumlo, ukutyhafa, ukunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba, izilonda kwindlela yokuphefumla. |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Usulelo lwe-Staphylococcal | Izilonda zolusu, amathumba, i-arthritis, uxinzelelo lokuphefumula, ukunciphisa ubunzima, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweqanda. |
| I-Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) | I-bronchitis eyosulelayo | Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukuphuma kweempumlo, amehlo anamanzi, ukwehla kwemveliso yeqanda, umgangatho weqanda ongekho mgangathweni, ukonakala kwezintso, amaqanda angabumbi kakuhle. |
| Isifo seBursal esosulelayo (IBD) (ekwaziwa njengeGumboro) | Isifo se-bursal esosulelayo | I-Immunosuppression, i-bursa edumbileyo kunye neyophayo ye-Fabricius, iintsiba eziqhekekileyo, ukutyhafa, isifo sohudo, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, ukwanda kokuchaphazeleka kwezinye izifo. |
| I-Myelomatosis | I-Myeloid leukosis | I-Tumors (i-myeloid leukosis) kwizitho ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka i-bone umongo, isibindi, i-spleen, kunye nezintso, ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweqanda, i-combs ephaphathekileyo kunye ne-wattles. |
Umgaqo-siseko wokubulala iintsholongwane
I-agent ye-oxidizing, i-Potassium Monopersulfate yeTyuwa ezintathu, iququzelela ukusebenza kwe-oksijini, iqinisekisa ukuzinza nakwiimeko eziphantsi ze-pH. Le oksijini esebenzayo i-oxidizes glycoproteins, iphazamisa umsebenzi we-tRNA, kwaye inqanda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA.
I-sodium hexameta-phospate isebenza njenge-buffer, inceda ekugcineni inkqubo ye-pH elinganayo phambi kwezinto eziphilayo kunye namanzi anzima.
I-Malic Acid kunye ne-sulphamic acid isebenza njenge-catalyst, ilawula ixabiso le-pH yemveliso kunye nokulawula umsebenzi we-oxidation, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umsebenzi we-virucidal.
I-surfactant, i-Sodium alpha-olefin Sulfonate, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokufaka i-lipids kunye ne-denaturing proteins, ngokukodwa phantsi kweemeko ze-pH ephantsi.