isixazululo sembonini
Imikhiqizo Ejwayelekile Yokukhipha Ubuthi e-Aquaculture
Iyini i-“Toxin”?
Uma sikhuluma nje, “ubuthi” bubhekisela ezintweni eziyingozi zekhwalithi yamanzi ezithinta impilo yezinto eziphilayo ezikhulisiwe. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-ion ensimbi esindayo, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrite, i-pH, amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic, i-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nama-dinoflagellate.
Ubungozi Bobuthi Ezinhlanzini, Izimfanzi, Nezinkalankala
Izinhlanzi, izimfanzi, nezinkalankala zithembele kakhulu esibindini ukuze zikhiphe ubuthi. Lapho ukunqwabelana kobuthi kudlula umthamo wesibindi namanyikwe wokuqeda ubuthi, umsebenzi wawo uyawohloka, okuholela ezinto eziphilayo ezibuthaka ezithambekele ekungenweni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane namagciwane.
I-Detoxification ehlosiwe
Awukho umkhiqizo owodwa onganciphisa bonke ubuthi, ngakho ukukhishwa okuhlosiwe kuyadingeka. Nawa amanye ama-ejenti ajwayelekile wokuqeda ubuthi:
(1)Ama-Organic Acids
Ama-asidi e-Organic, okuhlanganisa ama-asidi esithelo, i-citric acid, ne-humic acid, ayizinto ezivamile zokuqeda ubuthi. Ukusebenza kwazo kuncike kokuqukethwe kwazo, zisebenza ikakhulukazi nge-carboxyl group chelation kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuncishiswe ukugxila kwe-ion yensimbi esindayo. Baphinde bakhuthaze ukusabela kwe-enzymatic emanzini ukusheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-organic phosphorus, i-pyrethroids, nobuthi be-algal.
Ithiphu Yekhwalithi:Ikhwalithi ye-organic acids ngokuvamile inephunga elimnandi. Lapho zinyakaziswa, zikhiqiza igwebu, okufanele futhi libe negwebu lapho lithelwa ezindaweni ezimaholoholo. Igwebu elicolekileyo, elichichima kakhulu libonisa ikhwalithi engcono.
(2）Uvithamini C
Isetshenziswa e-aquaculture njenge-Vitamin C engenalutho, i-Vitamin C ehlanganisiwe, ne-VC phosphate ester, i-Vitamin C iyi-ejenti yokunciphisa eqinile ebamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical ukuze kuqedwe ama-radicals mahhala e-oxidative, ukuthuthukisa imetabolism, nokukhuthaza ukuchithwa kwezinto eziyingozi.
Qaphela:I-Vitamin C ayizinzile emanzini, i-oxidizing kalula ku-dehydroascorbic acid, ikakhulukazi emanzini angathathi hlangothi kanye ne-alkaline. Khetha uhlobo olufanele ngokusekelwe ezimeni zangempela.
(3)I-Potassium Monopersultate Compound
Ngamandla aphezulu okunciphisa i-oxidation engu-1.85V, inhlanganisela ye-potassium monopersulfate nayo ebizwa nge-potassium peroxymonosulfate isebenza njengesibulala-magciwane esisebenzayo nesibulala amagciwane. Kuyi-oxidizing ejenti eqinile esetshenziselwa ukukhipha ubuthi ngokuguqula i-chlorine esele, ubuthi be-algal, i-organic phosphorus, nama-pyrethroids abe yizinto ezingenabo ubuthi. Futhi iyi-bactericide enamandla ebulala ngempumelelo ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, ikakhulukazi ama-vibrios.
Lesi sibulala-magciwane esinamandla esihlanzekile sakhiwe ngokukhethekile ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezindawo zasemanzini, ukuqinisekisa impilo engcono kanye nokukhiqiza ekulimeni emanzini. Kuyisinqumo esiphezulu sokulawulwa kwezifo kwezasemanzini. Kuyasiza futhi ukukhulisa umoya-mpilo ezinhlelweni ze-aquaculture. Leli khemikhali lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi e-aquaculture lilungele ukukhishwa kwamanzi okuphuthumayo, ukulungiswa phansi kwechibi lezinhlanzi, nokugcinwa njalo.
(4)I-Sodium Thiosulfate
I-sodium thiosulfate (i-sodium sulfite) inamandla okuchela aqinile, isusa izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nobuthi obusele be-chlorine. Kodwa-ke, ayilungele ukusetshenziswa nama-asidi e-organic futhi inobubanzi obuncane bokuqeda ubuthi. Yisebenzise ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukuswelakala komoyampilo kubi kakhulu ezimweni ezintekenteke zamanzi.
(5)IGlucose
IGlucose ithuthukisa amandla okukhipha ubuthi esibindini, njengoba amandla okukhipha ubuthi esibindini axhunyaniswa nokuqukethwe kwe-glycogen. Isiza ekukhipheni ubuthi ngokubopha noma ukuvala ubuthi ngemikhiqizo ye-oxidation noma ngemikhiqizo ye-metabolic. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimeni eziphuthumayo ku-nitrite nobuthi bezinambuzane.
(6)I-Sodium Humate
I-sodium humate iqondise ubuthi bensimbi esindayo futhi inikeza izakhi zokulandelela ulwelwe. Ine-adsorption eqinile, i-ion exchange, i-complexation, kanye nezakhiwo ze-chelation, futhi ihlanza nekhwalithi yamanzi.
(7)I-EDTA
I-EDTA (i-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) iyinsimbi ye-ion chelator ebopha cishe wonke ama-ion ensimbi ukuze enze izinkimbinkimbi ezingatholakali nge-bioavailable, ifinyelele ukuxoshwa komzimba. Isebenza kahle kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1 nama-ion ensimbi e-divalent.
Khetha izindlela zokukhipha ubuthi ngokuhlakanipha ngokusekelwe ezimeni zangempela ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle.