Izifo Ezivamile Zezinhlanzi Emachibini Nokuvinjelwa Kwazo: Izifo Ezibangelwa Amagciwane Nokuphathwa Kwazo

Izifo Ezivamile Zezinhlanzi Emachibini Nokuvinjelwa Kwazo: Izifo Ezibangelwa Amagciwane Nokuphathwa Kwazo

Izifo ezivamile zebhaktheriya ezinhlanzini zihlanganisa i-bacterial septicemia, isifo se-bacterial gill, i-bacterial enteritis, isifo sendawo ebomvu, ukubola kwe-bacterial fin, isifo se-white nodules, nesifo se-white patch.

1. I-Bacterial Septicemiaibangelwa kakhulu i-Renibacterium salmoninarum, i-Aeromonas, ne-Vibrio spp. Izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelashwa zihlanganisa:

(1) Ukuhlanza ichibi kahle ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa komoyampilo ngodaka oluningi.

(2) Ukushintsha njalo nokwengeza amanzi ahlanzekile, ukufaka umcako ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lamanzi nendawo yechibi, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezibalulekile ze-calcium.

(3) Ukukhetha izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu nokudla okunomsoco.

(4) Ukubulala amagciwane njalo kwezinhlanzi, okuphakelayo, amathuluzi, kanye nezinsiza, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokuvimbela ngezikhathi zezifo eziyingozi kakhulu, kanye nokuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa.

(5) Ukusebenzisa izibulala-magciwane ezenziwe nge-bromine ukuze kubulawe amagciwane emanzini noma ukunikeza amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-iodine ezinhlanzini.

2. I-Bacterial Gill Diseasekubangelwa amagciwane e-columnaris. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukucwiliswa kwezinhlanzi ezithosiwe emanzini anosawoti ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamachibi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudluliswa kwamagciwane. Esimeni sokuqubuka, ukusetshenziswa kwe-lime noma i-chlorine ejenti efana ne-TCCA noma i-chlorine dioxide ekubulaleni amagciwane echibini lonke kuyanconywa.

3. Amagciwane Enteritisibangelwa i-Enteric Aeromonas. Kuvame ukwenzeka ngekhwalithi yamanzi ewohlokayo, ukunqwabelana kwenhlabathi, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukulawula kuhilela ukubulala amagciwane echibini lonke ngama-ejenti asekelwe ku-chlorine, kuhlanganiswe nokudla ukudla okuhambisana ne-florfenicol.

4. I-Red Spot Diseaseibangelwa i-Flavobacterium columnare futhi ivamise ukuvela ngemva kokuvuna noma ukuvunwa, ngokuvamile okuhambisana nesifo se-gill. Izinyathelo zokulawula zihlanganisa ukuhlanza amachibi ngokugcwele, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuphatha, kanye nokusebenzisa amabhavu e-bleach ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ukubulala amagciwane echibini okuvamile okusekelwe ezimeni zekhwalithi yamanzi nakho kuyalulekwa.

5. I-Bacterial Fin Rotibangelwa amagciwane e- columnaris futhi ivame kakhulu entwasahlobo, ehlobo, nasekwindla. Ukulawula kuhilela ukuvimbela ukubulala amagciwane emanzini kusetshenziswa ama-agent asekelwe ku-chlorine.

6. Isifo Somaqhuqhuva Amhlopheibangelwa i-myxobacteria. Ukulawulwa kwezifo kudinga ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kokuphakelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudla okwanele nendawo enhle, kanye nokubulala amagciwane echibini ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa izinto ezisekelwe ku-chlorine noma umcako.

7. I-White Patch Diseaseibangelwa i-Flexibacter ne-Cytophaga spp. Ukuvimbela kuhilela ukugcinwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokudla kwemvelo okwanele, kanye nokubulala amagciwane echibini ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa i-trichloroisocyanuric acid, i-bleach, noma i-Terminalia chebula extracts.

Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukuphatha ngempumelelo izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emachibini e-aquaculture, ukuqinisekisa isibalo sezinhlanzi ezinempilo kanye nezimo ezithuthukisiwe zamachibi.