Izifo Ezivamile Zezinhlanzi Emachibini Nokuvinjelwa Kwazo: Izifo Ezibangelwa Amagciwane kanye Nokuvimbela Kwazo

Izifo ezivamile zezinhlanzi ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izifo ezikhuntayo, kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezifo zezinhlanzi kufanele kulandele ngokuqinile iseluleko sezokwelapha, ukunamathela eduze imithamo yemithi enqunyiwe ngaphandle kokwenyuka noma ukuncipha okungenangqondo.

Izifo ezivamile zegciwane zihlanganisa isifo se-hemorrhagic of grass carp, isifo se-hematopoietic organ necrosis ye-crucian carp, i-herpesviral dermatitis ye-carp, i-spring viremia ye-carp, i-pancreatic necrosis esithathelwanayo, i-hematopoietic tissue necrosis, kanye ne-viral hemorrhagic septicemia.

I-Hemorrhagic Disease of Grass Carp ngokuyinhloko ibangelwa utshani be-carp reovirus. Lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu ngekhwalithi yamanzi ephansi futhi siba sibi kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-oxygen ephansi isikhathi eside. Izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelashwa zihlanganisa ukubulawa kwamagciwane echibini, ukugeza kwemithi ngaphambi kokugcwala, ukugoma okwenziwa, ukwelapha ngemithi, ukubulawa kwamagciwane emanzini, nokuqeda amagciwane emanzini.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwephansi lechibi lasemanzini kanye nokubulala amagciwane ikakhulukazi kuhilela ukususa inhlabathi eningi, ukuthuthukisa imvelo ye-aquaculture yasechibini, nokusebenzisa i-quicklime ne-bleach ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.

Ukugeza kwemithi yangaphambi kwesitoko kungasebenzisa usawoti ongu-2% ~ 3% imizuzu engu-5 ~ 10 noma isixazululo esingu-10 ppm se-polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine imizuzu engu-6~8, noma ukugeza okuyi-60 mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) cishe imizuzu engama-25. imizuzu.

Ukugonywa kokwenziwa kugxile ekuhlukaniseni izithombo zodwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusulelana ngegciwane.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi kungabandakanya i-copper sulfate. I-Copper sulfate ingasetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwe-0.7 mg/L phezu kwechibi lonke, iphindwe njalo ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili ngezicelo ezimbili.

Izindlela zokubulala amagciwane emanzini zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwechibi eligcwele kwe-quicklime ukuze kubulawe amagciwane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, noma i-potassium hydrogen sulfate complex ehlakazwe futhi ifakwe emanzini.

Ukuqeda amagciwane egciwane emanzini, amalungiselelo e-iodine angafuthwa. Emachibini anesifo se-hemorrhagic ku-carp yotshani, i-polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine noma i-quaternary ammonium iodine complexes (0.3-0.5 ml yamanzi angama-cubic) ingafafazwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 njalo ngosuku.

I-Hematopoietic Organ Necrosis Isifo se-Crucian Carp sibangelwa i-koi herpesvirus II. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kuhlanganisa:

(1). Ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile kwezinhlanzi ezingabazali emapulazini ezinhlanzi ukuvimbela ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezingabazali ezingenwe yilesi sifo. Lapho uthenga izithombo ze-crucian carp, qiniseka ukuthi ziyahlolwa noma ubuze ngomlando wesifo somthombo wezithombo ukuze ugweme ukuthenga izithombo ezinegciwane.

(2). Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhaktheriya e-photosynthetic, i-Bacillus spp., kanye namagciwane ahlukanisayo njengama-microbial agents, kanye nezichibiyelo ze-substrate, ukuze kugcinwe kahle indawo ezinzile yamanzi e-aquaculture. Ukwengeza, ukugcina ukujula kwamanzi okwanele, ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kwamanzi okuphezulu, nokwandisa ukuzijikeleza kwamanzi kanye nokujikeleza kwangaphandle kunenzuzo ekugcineni ukuqina kwendawo yamanzi.

I-Herpesviral Dermatitis yeCarp ingesinye isifo esibangelwa i-herpesvirus. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula zihlanganisa:

(1) Izinyathelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuvikela ezibanzi kanye nezinhlelo eziqinile zokuvalela abantu ngaphandle. Hlukanisa izinhlanzi ezigulayo futhi ugweme ukuzisebenzisa njengezinhlanzi zabazali.

(2) Ukubulala amagciwane echibini ngokuphelele kusetshenziswa i-quicklime emachibini ezinhlanzi, kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni zamanzi ezinezinhlanzi ezigulayo noma amagciwane kufanele futhi kulashwe kahle, okungcono kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa njengomthombo wamanzi.

(3) Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yamanzi kungase kuhlanganise ukulungisa i-pH yamanzi echibini nge-quicklime ukuze igcinwe ingaphezu kuka-8. Ukufakwa kwechibi eligcwele kwe-dibromide noma i-bromide kungasetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane emanzini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwechibi okugcwele kwe-povidone-iodine, isisombululo se-iodine esiyinhlanganisela, isisombululo se-povidone-iodine esingu-10%, noma i-povidone-iodine powder engu-10% konke kungafinyelela imiphumela yokubulala amagciwane emanzini.

I-Spring Viremia yeCarp ibangelwa igciwane le-spring viremia (SVCV), okungekho okwamanje ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. Izindlela zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukushintshanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-quicklime noma i-bleach ekufakweni kwechibi eligcwele, izibulala-magciwane ezine-chlorinated, noma izibulala-magciwane ezisebenzayo njenge-povidone-iodine nosawoti we-quaternary ammonium wokubulala amagciwane emanzini ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqubuka.

I-Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ibangelwa igciwane le-pancreatic necrosis elithathelwanayo, elithinta kakhulu izinhlanzi zamanzi abandayo. Ukwelashwa kwesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi kuhilela ukuphakelwa ngesisombululo se-povidone-iodine (ebalwa njenge-iodine engu-10% esebenzayo) ku-1.64-1.91 g ngekhilogramu yesisindo somzimba wenhlanzi nsuku zonke izinsuku eziyi-10-15.

I-Infectious Hematopoietic Tissue Necrosis ibangelwa igciwane le-hematopoietic tissue necrosis, elithinta kakhulu izinhlanzi zamanzi abandayo. Ukuvimbela kuhilela ukubulala amagciwane okuqinile kwezindawo namathuluzi okufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini. Amaqanda ezinhlanzi kufanele achanyuselwe ku-17-20°C futhi agezwe nge-50 mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I, equkethe u-1% we-iodine esebenzayo) imizuzu engu-15. Ukugxila kunganyuswa ku-60 mg/L uma i-pH i-alkaline, njengoba ukusebenza kahle kwe-PVP-I kuncipha ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline.

I-Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ibangelwa i-Novirhabdovirus emndenini we-Rhabdoviridae, igciwane le-RNA elimucu owodwa. Njengamanje, akukho ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, ngakho ukuvimbela kubalulekile. Phakathi nenkathi yamaqanda anamehlo, cwilisa amaqanda ku-iodine imizuzu engu-15. Ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, ukudla nge-iodine kunganciphisa ukufa.