Amasu Okubulala Amagciwane Amanzi E-Aquaculture

Amasu Okubulala Amagciwane Amanzi E-Aquaculture

Amasu okubulala amagciwane emanzini e-aquaculture ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izindlela ezimbalwa ezifana nokuvalwa kwe-ultraviolet (UV), ukukhishwa kwe-ozone, kanye nokubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali. Namuhla, sizokwethula i-UV ne-ozone njengezindlela ezimbili zokuvala inzalo nokubulala amagciwane. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya lezi zindlela ngokuyinhloko ngemibono yezinqubo nezici zokuvala inzalo.

Ukuvalwa kwe-UV

Umgomo wokuvala inzalo ye-UV ubandakanya ukumuncwa kwamandla okukhanya kwe-UV ngama-nucleic acid amancane, okuhlanganisa i-ribonucleic acid (RNA) ne-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Lokhu kumuncwa kushintsha umsebenzi wabo webhayoloji, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezibopho namaketanga e-nucleic acid, ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwama-nucleic acid, nokwakheka kwama-photoproducts, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuphindaphindeka kwe-microbial futhi kubangele ukulimala okubulalayo. Ukukhanya kwe-UV kuhlukaniswe nge-UVA (315~400nm), UVB (280~315nm), UVC (200~280nm), kanye ne-vacuum UV (100~200nm). Phakathi kwalokhu, i-UVA ne-UVB ziyakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yoMhlaba ngongqimba lwe-ozone kanye nesembozo samafu. I-UVC, eyaziwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-UV-C bokubulala amagciwane, ibonisa umphumela onamandla wokuvala inzalo.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuvalwa kwe-UV kuncike kumthamo wemisebe ye-UV etholwe amagciwane, kanye nezici ezifana namandla aphumayo e-UV, uhlobo lwesibani, amandla okukhanya, kanye nobude besikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Umthamo wokukhanya kwe-UV ubhekisela enanini lobude obuthile be-UV obudingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elithile lokungasebenzi kwamagciwane. Imithamo ephezulu iholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokubulawa kwamagciwane. Ukuvala inzalo ye-UV kunenzuzo ngenxa yamandla ayo aqinile okubulala amagciwane, isenzo esisheshayo, ukuntuleka kwezithasiselo zamakhemikhali, ukungabi bikho kwemikhiqizo ewubuthi, kanye nokusebenza kalula. Izibulali magciwane ze-UV ngokuvamile zisebenzisa insimbi engagqwali njengento eyinhloko, enamashubhu e-quartz ahlanzekile kakhulu namalambu e-UV equartz asebenza kahle kakhulu, aqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokusebenza okuthembekile. Amalambu angenisiwe angaba nesikhathi sokuphila esingafika kumahora angu-9000.

I-Ozone Disinfection

I-ozone iyi-oxidant enamandla, futhi inqubo yayo yokuvala inzalo ihlanganisa ukusabela kwe-biochemical oxidation. Ukuvala inzalo ye-ozone kusebenza ngezindlela ezintathu: (1) ama-enzyme e-oxidizing kanye nokubola ngaphakathi kwamagciwane asebenzisa i-glucose, ngaleyo ndlela avale amagciwane; (2) ukusebenzelana ngokuqondile namabhaktheriya namagciwane, ukuphazamisa umzimba we-microbial futhi kubangela ukufa; kanye (3) nokungena kumaseli ngolwelwesi lwamangqamuzana, olusebenza kuma-lipoprotein olwelwesi lwangaphandle kanye nama-lipopolysaccharides angaphakathi, okuholela ekuhlakazweni kwebhaktheriya nokufa. Ukuvalwa kwe-ozone kuwumbono obanzi futhi ku-lytic, kuqeda ngempumelelo amagciwane, izinhlamvu, amagciwane, isikhunta, futhi kungabhubhisa ngisho nobuthi be-botulinum. Ukwengeza, i-ozone ishesha ukubola ibe umoya-mpilo noma ama-athomu omoya-mpilo owodwa ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwayo. Ama-athomu omoya-mpilo owodwa angaphinde ahlangane akhe amangqamuzana omoya-mpilo, athuthukise umoya-mpilo wezilwane zasemanzini ngaphandle kokushiya noma yiziphi izinsalela ezinobuthi. Ngakho, i-ozone ibhekwa njengesibulala-magciwane esikahle, esingangcolisi.

Nakuba i-ozone inamandla okwenza inzalo asebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungalimaza izilwane zasemanzini. Izifundo zikaSchroeder et al. bonisa ukuthi i-ozone, lapho isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ingasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola kwe-nitrate nokuphuzi, futhi uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlukaniswa kwegwebu, inganciphisa ukwanda kwamagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungadala ama-oxidants anobuthi kakhulu. Silva et al. iphinde iqokomise ukuthi nakuba i-ozone ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokucindezelwa kwezifo ku-aquaculture, imiphumela yayo ye-genotoxic ingalimaza ubuqotho beseli ezintweni eziphila emanzini, okuholela ezindabeni zezempilo kanye nokuncipha kwesivuno. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kwezolimo zasemanzini ukusebenzisa i-ozone ngesikhathi, esikaliwe, esiphephile, nangendlela elawulwayo, kuqaliswe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokunciphisa ukuchitheka kwe-ozone ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa komoya.